Amagciwane e-Avian influenza virus (AIV) ayiqembu lamagciwane ahlasela izinyoni ngokuyinhloko, kodwa angakwazi futhi ukuthelela abantu nezinye izilwane.Leli gciwane livame ukutholakala ezinyonini zasendle zasemanzini, njengamadada namahansi, kodwa futhi lingahlasela izinyoni ezifuywayo njengezinkukhu, ama-turkeys, nezigwaca.Igciwane lingasakazeka ohlelweni lokuphefumula kanye nokugaya ukudla futhi libangele ukugula okuncane kuya kokuqina ezinyonini.
Kunezinhlobo eziningana zegciwane le-avian influenza, ezinye zazo ezibangele ukuqubuka kwezifo ezinyonini nakubantu.Enye yezinhlobo ezaziwa kakhulu yi-H5N1, eyaqala ukubonwa kubantu ngo-1997 eHong Kong.Kusukela lapho, i-H5N1 iye yabangela ukuqubuka kwezinyoni kanye nabantu abaningi e-Asia, eYurophu nase-Afrika, futhi ibe necala ekufeni kwabantu abangamakhulu amaningana.
Phakathi kuka-23 Disemba 2022 kanye no-5 January 2023, azikho izehlakalo ezintsha zokutheleleka komuntu ngegciwane le-avian influenza A (H5N1) ezibikwe ku-WHO esifundeni saseWestern Pacific. I-A(H5N1) igciwane
kubikwe emazweni amane aseNtshonalanga yePacific kusukela ngoJanuwari 2003 (Ithebula 1).Kulezi zimo, eziyi-135 zishonile, okuholele ekutheni izinga lokufa kwabantu (CFR) lika-56%.Icala lokugcina labikwa livela e-China, nosuku lokuqala lwangomhla zingama-22 kuSepthemba 2022 futhi lashona ngomhlaka-18 Okthoba 2022. Lesi yisigameko sokuqala somkhuhlane wezinyoni A(H5N1) okubikwe ngawo uvela e-China kusukela ngo-2015.
Olunye uhlobo lwegciwane le-avian influenza virus, i-H7N9, lwaqala ukuhlonzwa kubantu e-China ngo-2013. Njenge-H5N1, i-H7N9 ihlasela izinyoni ngokuyinhloko, kodwa futhi ingabangela ukugula okukhulu kubantu.Selokhu yatholakala, i-H7N9 isibangele ukuqubuka kwezifo eziningana eChina, okuholele emakhulwini ezifo nokufa kwabantu.
Igciwane le-Avian influenza likhathaza impilo yomuntu ngenxa yezizathu eziningi.Okokuqala, leli gciwane lingashintsha futhi lizivumelanise nezimo ezintsha, okwandisa ingozi yobhubhane.Uma uhlobo lwegciwane le-avian influenza lungadluliselwa kalula lusuka kumuntu luye kumuntu, lungabangela ukuqubuka kwezifo emhlabeni wonke.Okwesibili, leli gciwane lingabangela ukugula okubi kakhulu nokufa kubantu.Nakuba izimo eziningi zabantu zegciwane lomkhuhlane wezinyoni ziye zaba mnene noma azibonakalisi izimpawu, ezinye izinhlobo zegciwane zingabangela ukugula okunzima kokuphefumula, ukwehluleka kwezitho, nokufa.
Ukuvimbela nokulawula igciwane lomkhuhlane wezinyoni kuhlanganisa inhlanganisela yezinyathelo, okuhlanganisa ukubhekwa kwenani lezinyoni, ukubulala izinyoni ezinesifo, nokugoma izinyoni.Ngaphezu kwalokho, kubalulekile ukuthi abantu abasebenza nezinyoni noma abaphethe imikhiqizo yenkukhu bazijwayeze ukuhlanzeka, njengokugeza izandla njalo nokugqoka izingubo zokuzivikela.
Uma kwenzeka kuqubuka igciwane le-avian influenza, kubalulekile ukuthi izikhulu zezempilo zomphakathi zisukumele ngokushesha ukunqanda ukubhebhetheka kwaleli gciwane.Lokhu kungabandakanya ukuvalela abantu abangenwe yileli gciwane kanye nabasondelene nabo, ukuhlinzeka ngemithi elwa namagciwane, nokusebenzisa izindlela zezempilo zomphakathi njengokuvalwa kwezikole nokukhansela imibuthano yomphakathi.
Sengiphetha, igciwane le-avian influenza liyingozi enkulu empilweni yabantu ngenxa yamandla alo okubangela ubhubhane lomhlaba wonke kanye nokugula okubi kakhulu kubantu.Yize kwenziwa imizamo yokuvikela nokulawula ukubhebhetheka kwaleli gciwane, ukuqhubeka nokuqapha nokucwaninga kuyadingeka ukuze kuncishiswe ubungozi bobhubhane nokuvikela impilo yomphakathi.
Source:https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/365675/AI-20230106.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Apr-15-2023