I-Salmonella yisigaba se-enterobacteria e-gram-negative emndenini we-Enterobacteriaceae.Ngo-1880, u-Eberth waqala ukuthola i-Salmonella typhi.Ngo-1885, i-Salmonella yahlukanisa ikholera ye-Salmonella ezingulubeni.Ngo-1988, u-Gartner wahlukanisa i-Salmonella enteritidis ezigulini ezine-acute gastroenteritis.Futhi ngo-1900, ikilasi laqanjwa ngokuthi iSalmonella.
Njengamanje, izehlakalo zobuthi be-Salmonella zisatshalaliswe emhlabeni wonke futhi izigameko ziyanda unyaka nonyaka.
Izimpawu ze-Pathogenic
I-Salmonella iyigciwane le-Gram-negative elinenduku emfushane, usayizi womzimba (0.6 ~ 0.9) μm × (1 ~ 3) μm, womabili agcina eyindilinga ngokusobala, angakhi ama-pods nezinhlamvu ezihlumayo.Nge-flagella, i-Salmonella i-motile.
I-bacterium ayinazo izidingo eziphezulu zokudla okunomsoco, futhi isiko lokuzihlukanisa ngokuvamile lisebenzisa indlela yokuhlonza amathumbu.
Emhluzweni, okuphakathi kuyaba yimfucumfucu bese kuncipha endaweni ye-agar ngemva kokufukamela amahora angu-24 ukuze kukhiqizwe amakoloni amancane abushelelezi, aphakeme kancane, ayindilinga, ashintshashintshayo ampunga-mhlophe.Bheka Izibalo 1-1 no-1-2.
Umfanekiso 1-1 Salmonella ngaphansi kwesibonakhulu ngemva kokungcoliswa kweGram
Umfanekiso 2-3 I-Colony morphology ye-Salmonella ku-chromogenic medium
Izici ze-Epidemiological
I-Salmonella isatshalaliswa kabanzi emvelweni, abantu nezilwane ezinjengezingulube, izinkomo, amahhashi, izimvu, izinkukhu, amadada, amahansi, njll.
I-Salmonella embalwa inabaphathi abakhethekile, njenge-Salmonella abortus emahhashini, i-Salmonella abortus ezinkomo, kanye ne-Salmonella abortus ezimvini ezibangela ukukhipha isisu emahhashi, izinkomo, nezimvu ngokulandelana;I-Salmonella typhimurium ihlasela izingulube kuphela;enye i-Salmonella ayidingi abasingathi abamaphakathi, futhi isakazeka kalula phakathi kwezilwane nezilwane, izilwane nabantu, kanye nabantu ngemizila eqondile noma engaqondile.
Umzila oyinhloko wokudluliselwa kwe-Salmonella yindlela yokugaya ukudla, futhi amaqanda, izinkukhu, nemikhiqizo yenyama yizona ezihamba phambili ze-salmonellosis.
Ukutheleleka kwe-Salmonella kubantu nasezilwaneni kungase kungabonakali ngamabhaktheriya noma kungabonakala njengesifo esibulalayo esinezimpawu zomtholampilo, okungase kubhebhethekise isimo sesifo, kwandise izinga lokufa noma ukunciphisa ukukhiqiza kwesilwane.
I-pathogenicity ye-Salmonella incike kakhulu ohlotsheni lwe-Salmonella kanye nesimo somzimba somuntu oyidlayo.I-Salmonella cholera iyi-pathogenic kakhulu ezingulubeni, ilandelwa yi-Salmonella typhimurium, kanti idada le-Salmonella alina-pathogenic encane;abasongelwa kakhulu yizingane, abantu abadala, nabantu abangenawo amandla okuzivikela emzimbeni, futhi ngisho nezinhlobo ezincane ze-pathogenic zisengabangela ubuthi bokudla kanye nezimpawu zomtholampilo ezinzima nakakhulu.
Izingozi
I-Salmonella iyigciwane le-zoonotic elibaluleke kakhulu emndenini wakwa-Enterobacteriaceae futhi inesibalo esiphezulu sobuthi bokudla kwamagciwane.
I-Centers for Disease Control and Prevention ibike ukuthi i-Salmonella yayibhekene nezigameko ezingu-33 ze-84 ze-bacterial food poisoning ezenzeke e-United States ngo-1973, zibalwa inani eliphakeme kakhulu lokudla okunobuthi obunobuthi be-2,045.
Umbiko wonyaka we-2018 mayelana nezitayela kanye nemithombo ye-zoonoses eshicilelwe yi-European Food Safety Authority kanye ne-European Center for Disease Prevention and Control ibonisa ukuthi cishe i-1/3 yokuqubuka kwezifo ezibangelwa ukudla e-EU kubangelwa i-Salmonella nokuthi i-salmonellosis ingeyesibili kakhulu. okubikwa njalo ukutheleleka kwabantu emathunjini e-EU (amacala angama-91,857 abikiwe), ngemuva kwe-campylobacteriosis (amacala angama-246,571).Ubuthi bokudla be-Salmonella budala ngaphezu kwama-40% wobuthi bokudla kwamagciwane kwamanye amazwe.
Esinye sezigameko ezinkulu emhlabeni zokungenwa ushevu wokudla kwe-salmonella senzeka ngo-1953 lapho abantu abangu-7 717 badliswa ushevu futhi abangu-90 befa eSweden ngenxa yokudla ingulube ene-S. typhimurium.
I-Salmonella imbi kakhulu, futhi empilweni yansuku zonke ungayinqanda kanjani ukutheleleka futhi uyisakaze?
1.Qinisa ukuhlanzeka kokudla kanye nokuphathwa kwezithako.Vimbela inyama, amaqanda, nobisi ekungcoleni ngesikhathi sokugcina.Ungayidli inyama eluhlaza, inhlanzi namaqanda.Ungayidli inyama yenkukhu egulayo noma efile noma yezilwane zasekhaya.
2.Njengoba izimpukane, amaphela namagundane kungumxhumanisi wokudluliselwa kwe-Salmonella.Ngakho-ke, kufanele senze umsebenzi omuhle wokuqothula izimpukane, amagundane namaphela ukuze kuvinjwe ukudla kungangcoli.
3.Shintsha imikhuba yokudla emibi kanye nemikhuba yokuphila ukuze uthuthukise amasosha akho omzimba.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Apr-03-2023