I-Shigella iwuhlobo lwebhaktheriya e-gram-negative ebangela i-shigellosis, uhlobo olubi lohudo olungase lube yingozi empilweni uma lungelashwa.I-Shigellosis iyinkinga enkulu yezempilo yomphakathi, ikakhulukazi emazweni asathuthuka anezinqubo ezingezinhle zokukhucululwa kwendle kanye nenhlanzeko.
I-pathogenesis ye-Shigella iyinkimbinkimbi futhi ihilela izici eziningana ze-virulence, kuhlanganise nekhono lebhaktheriya lokuhlasela nokuphindaphinda ngaphakathi kwe-epithelium yamathumbu.I-Shigella iphinde ikhiqize ubuthi abambalwa, okuhlanganisa ubuthi be-Shiga kanye ne-lipopolysaccharide endotoxin, engabangela ukuvuvukala, ukulimala kwezicubu, kanye nesifo sohudo.
Izimpawu ze-shigellosis ngokuvamile ziqala ngokuhuda, umkhuhlane, namajaqamba esiswini.Uhudo lungaba namanzi noma lube negazi futhi lungase luhambisane namafinyila noma ubomvu.Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, i-shigellosis ingaholela ekuphelelweni kwamanzi emzimbeni, ukungalingani kwe-electrolyte, ngisho nokufa.
Ukudluliswa kwe-Shigella kwenzeka kakhulukazi ngomzila we-fecal-oral, ngokuvamile ngokudla ukudla noma amanzi angcolile noma ngokuhlangana nendawo noma izinto ezingcolile.Amagciwane angasakazwa futhi ngokuthintana nomuntu nomuntu, ikakhulukazi ezimeni eziminyene noma ezingahlanzekile.
Eminyakeni yamuva nje, ukutheleleka kweShigella kuqhubekile nokubeka inselelo enkulu yezempilo yomphakathi emhlabeni jikelele.I-World Health Organization (WHO) yaziswa ngomhla zi-4 kuNhlolanja wezi-2022 ngenani eliphezulu ngokungavamile lamacala e-extensively drug-resistant (XDR) Shigella sonnei abikwe e-United Kingdom naseNyakatho Ireland nakwamanye amazwe amaningana esiFundeni saseYurophu kusukela ngaleso sikhathi. ngasekupheleni kuka-2021. Nakuba ukutheleleka okuningi nge-S. sonnei kubangela isikhathi esifushane sesifo kanye nokufa kwabantu abancane, ukumelana nezidakamizwa eziningi (MDR) kanye ne-XDR shigellosis kuwukukhathazeka kwezempilo yomphakathi njengoba izinketho zokwelashwa zilinganiselwe kakhulu ezimweni ezimaphakathi kuya kwezinzima.
I-Shigellosis itholakala emazweni amaningi anemali engenayo ephansi noma emaphakathi (LMICs) futhi iyimbangela enkulu yohudo olunegazi emhlabeni wonke.Unyaka ngamunye, kulinganiselwa ukuthi kubangele okungenani izehlakalo eziyizigidi ezingama-80 zohudo olunegazi nokufa kwabantu abayizi-700 000.Cishe zonke (99%) izifo zeShigella zenzeka kuma-LMIC, futhi iningi lezigameko (~70%), kanye nokufa (~60%), kwenzeka ezinganeni ezingaphansi kweminyaka emihlanu ubudala.Kulinganiselwa ukuthi u-1% weziguli zelashwa esibhedlela.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuvela kwezinhlobo ze-Shigella ezimelana nama-antibiotic sekuyinkinga ekhulayo, izifunda eziningi ezibika amazinga akhuphukayo okumelana nemithi elwa namagciwane esetshenziswa ukwelapha i-shigellosis.Nakuba imizamo yokuthuthukisa ukukhucululwa kwendle kanye nemikhuba yenhlanzeko kanye nokukhuthaza ukusetshenziswa okufanele kwemithi elwa namagciwane isaqhubeka, ukuqapha okuqhubekayo nokusebenzisana kuwo wonke umphakathi wezempilo womhlaba wonke kuyadingeka ukuze kubhekwane nosongo oluqhubekayo lokutheleleka kwe-Shigella.
Ukwelashwa kwe-shigellosis ngokuvamile kuhilela ama-antibiotics, kodwa ukumelana nama-antibiotic asetshenziswa ngokuvamile kuya ngokuya kuvame.Ngakho-ke, izinyathelo zokuvimbela, ezifana nokuthuthukisa izinqubo zokukhucululwa kwendle kanye nenhlanzeko, ukuqinisekisa ukudla okuphephile nemithombo yamanzi, nokukhuthaza ukusetshenziswa okufanele kwama-antibiotics, kubalulekile ekulawuleni ukusabalala kwe-Shigella kanye nokunciphisa izehlakalo ze-shigellosis.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Apr-15-2023